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Registration Number

0223U000626, 0121U100747 , R & D reports

Title

Regulatory systems of the photosynthetic apparatus and their role in the realization of genetic potential of plant yield under variable climatic conditions

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Head

Stasyk Oleh O., Доктор біологічних наук

Registration Date

16-01-2023

Organization

Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

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 It was established that drought-resistant winter wheat varieties of have a better ability to regulate the stomatal aperture and photosynthetic CO2 and H2O gas exchange under conditions of soil drought. Closure of flag leaf stomata under moisture deficiency was greater in drought-resistant cultivars than in less resistant cultivars, but photosynthesis intensity was less inhibited and water use efficiency was higher. The differences between varieties in the structural and functional characteristics of the stomata were more pronounced for the abaxial side of the leaf than for the adaxial side. The traits of the stomatal apparatus of the abaxial side of the leaf were more closely correlated with indicators of drought resistance of plants. In plants exposed to drought, the number of stomata per unit of abaxial leaf surface was negatively correlated with the intensity of photosynthesis (r = -0.748), the mass of grain from the main ear (r = -0.748), and the area of the stomatal pore with the intensity of photosynthesis (r = - 0.854) and water use efficiency (r = -0.796). It is shown that under a heat stress, the less drought-resistant variety Natalka undergoes more significant structural rearrangements of chloroplast grains and the loss of their physiological activity than the varieties Podolyanka, Podilska Niva, and Poradnytsia. Under a drought, the Natalka variety loses a greater amount of chlorophyll, especially in the lower leaves, and is distinguished by the lowest accumulation of a protective protein of 21.5 kDa. In the varieties Podolyanka, Podilska Niva and Poradnytsia, along with increased synthesis of this protein, there is a partial compensation of chlorophyll loss due to increased activity of the light phase of photosynthesis in the flag leaf after resuming watering.

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Bondarenko Oksana Y
Zhuk Olga I.
Kiriziy Dmytro A.
Mikhno Alla I.
Makharynska Nadiia Mykhaylivna
Оsipova Oksana L
Petrushevska Valentyna N.
Polishchuk Hanna I.
Sitnik Sergiy Kostyantinovich
Sokolovska-Serhiienko Oksana H.
Tarasyuk Maksim Vitaliyvich
Trosenko Vita Anatoliivna
Tumenok Ludmyla V.
Shevshenko Viktor V.