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Information × Registration Number 0209U006058, 0106U001579 , R & D reports Title Investigate cell, genetic mechanisms of age changes and adaptability popup.stage_title Head Shkorbatov U.G., Registration Date 20-01-2009 Organization Kharkov National University named after V.N.Karazin popup.description2 Objects of Researche: lines and hybrids of Drosophila, polytene chromosomes of salivary glands of Drosophila, seeds of agricultural plants, cells of human buccal epithelium. Purpose of Research : experimental study on cellular and organism levels and theoretical study of such important problems, as ways of action of ionizing radiation at cellular level, changes of genetic mechanisms of adaptivity under the action of chemical and physical factors, mechanisms of biosocial adaptation, and fundamental experimental study on cellular and organism levels of such important problems, as age-related changes of genetic mechanisms of adaptivity and their co-operation with the use of different model objects. Methods of Research: study of viability of Drosophila, study of expression of genes, study of the state of plasma membrane of human cells, study of differential activity of genes of polytene chromosomes, study of polytenia degree of Drosophila, estimation of chromosomal aberration rate, study of dynamics of mitotic cycle, study of electrokinetic properties of cell nuclei, study of the state of chromatin in human cells, study of frequency of dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila. Research results: The results of studies, which relate genetic and cytological mechanisms of protective reaction of cells and organisms to the action of physical and chemical factors, in particular ionizing and electromagnetic irradiation, action of hormones and hormone-like substunces, terms of existence of organism of insects and changes of the state of organism of man in connection with age and fatigue, are reported. The radioadaptive answer of plant cells in connection with the effect of heterosis is studied. The reaction of cells of merysteme tissue of sunflower to ionizing radiation depends on the genotype of plants, in particular it is less expressed in hybrid forms. The effects of stress induced by the action of chemical factors, including hormones, similar on hormones factors and some alkaloids are shown on the genomeof Drosophila, in particular on frequency of dominant lethal mutations, expression of the puffs of polytene chromosomes and change of the state of polytenia. The influence of terms of cultivating of Drosophila and age of parents on viability and fecundity of descendants, influence of genetic surroundings of mutation eyless, age of paternal generation, density of culture and thermal treatment is investigational on the expression of trait ey, thermo stability, life-span of descendants in the line of eyeless. It is shown change in differential activity of the puffs under the action of the hormone of development of insects. Influence of different concentrations of hormone of development of insects of 20ОН-ecdisterone is shown on endoreduplication of giant chromosomes in dependence on a genotype of Drosophila and influence of different concentrations of ecdisterone in preparation of VESB on genotoxic effect of ethanol. Influence of biologically active alkaloids of celandine in different concentrations on frequency of dominant lethal mutations of Drosophila was studied. Negative influence of microwave radiation on viability of Drosophila is shown. Microwave radiation and ultra wideband impulsive radiation increase the rate of dominant lethal mutations in the first and subsequent generations, that allows to attribute this effect to the genetic modifications. In human cells the state of chromatin changes in connection with the action of the electromagnetic fields. The biological effect of radiation depends on the state of circular polarization. Electronegativity of nuclei change with fatigue and age of donors. Influence of the physical loadings on the state of chromatin is studied. The index of electronegativity of cell nuclei of buccal epithelium is studied for children with deviation violation of health. Tasks and results of a new interdisciplinary research are formulated - conceptions of sociobiological and technocultural coevolution. Product Description popup.authors popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close