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Information × Registration Number 0216U000691, 0111U003485 , R & D reports Title Research of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of formation and regulation of plant defense response of cereals under the action of biotic and abiotic stressors popup.stage_title Head Molodchenkova Olga Olegivna, Registration Date 19-02-2016 Organization Plant breeding and genetics institute-National center of seed and cultivar investigation popup.description2 The object of research to study was varieties, lines, hybrids of winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.) significantly different on the level of resistance to fungal pathogens (agents of fusariose, Alternaria spp.) and drougt-heat tolerance. The goal of research was to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of formation and regulation of plant defense response of cereals under the influence of biotic and abiotic stressors and identification of biochemical indexes, connected with plant resistance to stresses and effective inductors of stimulation and management by the plant protective systems for feasibility demonstration and improvement of biochemical estimation methods, forecasting effort and increasing of plant resistance of cereals to the unfavorable factors of environment. Research methods are adaptive standard methodologies of plant biochemical analysis and methods developed in the laboratory. It is shown that restructuring of methabolic processes connected with the accumulation and redistribution of protective proteins (proteinase inhibitors, lectins, dehydrins), change of enzymes activity (lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, sucrose phosphate synthase), directed generation of mediators of signaling systems in the plant tissues form the basis of biochemical mechanisms of plant resistance formation of cereals to infection of fungal pathogens and the influence of abiotic stress factors. It was elucidated that the changes of activity of the studied protective proteins and enzymes in cereals at the action of factors of different nature are controlled by different mechanisms. This changes depend on the expression of defense genes and intensity of processes of biosynthesis protein. A role of salicylic, jasmonic and arachidonic acids in the formation of protective reactions of cereals against fungal pathogens and аbiotic stressors was studied. One of displays of protective action of jasmonic, salicylic and arachidonic acids is their skill to induce the changes of protective proteins activity (activity of trypsin inhibitor, lectins, lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) in the plant tissues of cereals. Lines of evidence about the change of protective proteins activity under the action of salicylic and jasmonic acids show the involvement of these compounds in the chain of signaling pathways that lead to the expression of protective genes and the formation of plant resistance of cereals to fungal pathogens. Methodologies of biochemical laboratory estimation of cereals resistance to fungal pathogens and drought were improved on the basis of results of study of change of protective proteins activity at the action of fungal pathogens, water deficit, hyperthermia and inductors of plant protective reactions. The carried out research allowed to develop a conception of response reaction formation and connection of different cereal crops within the process of development of plant defense response to biotic and abiotic factors activity, to make theoretical grounds and experimentally realize new biochemical approaches to evaluation and tolerance of cereals to fungal diseases and abiotic stressors. The results of research work were implemented by means of development of new methods of estimation of cereals resistance genotypes, recommendations for breeders. The new methods can be used at the plant breeding departments of Plant Breeding&Genetic Institute, plant breeding stations and centers. The advantage of new improved biochemical methods of breeding material estimation is its rapidity, controlled terms of estimation, high productivity and reproductivity. This methods enable a plant breeder to analyse a great quantity of genotypes at early stages of breeding at the most short term. The improved methods will reduce the cost of breeding material estimation in 10 times. Generalized experimental data can be used to solve the problems of fundamental and applied value directed on the increase of plant resistance of cereals to fungal diseases and abiotic stressors. Product Description popup.authors Молодченкова Ольга Олегівна popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close