Search academic texts

Information × Registration Number 0216U000702, 0111U003498 , R & D reports Title Enrichment of the genetic variability spectrum of winter bread wheat as a result of introgressive hybridization and chromosome engineering popup.stage_title Head Fayt Viktor Ivanovych, Registration Date 19-02-2016 Organization Plant breeding and genetics institute-National center of seed and cultivar investigation popup.description2 Object of study - a collection of samples of Ae. tauschii, introgression lines and hybrids of different generations and degrees of saturation from crosses of 10 amphiploids, collection strains and original introgression stocks of bread wheat having different amount of a genetic material of the related species - S. cereale, E. sibiricus and Ae. tauschii (2 addition, 3 translocation and 4 recombination) with modern wheat cultivars and the parental forms. Purpose of investigations - to study the genetic diversity of Ae. tauschii samples and its amphiploids on the degree of resistance to major diseases and the presence of morphological characters - phenotypic markers of the Aegilops genetic material. To develop a system of the algorithms of genetic analysis of qualitative traits controlled unpaired chromosomes. To investigate the regularity of meiosis and dynamic of complex traits variation in successive generations of hybrids from crosses of collection strains H74/90-245, H74/90-258 and H79/9-9 with winter wheat. To perform next saturation of the hybrids or select constant lines. Research methods - cytological, molecular-genetic, hybridological and statistical analysis Plant pathological evaluation and freezing the material in rolls. The samples of Ae. tauschii and amphiploids with resistance to diseases, frost, short growing season and variety of morphological features have been selected. Three haplotypes of allele Ppd-D1b have been revealed. The mod of inheritance of traits in hybrids of higher generations violates to Mendel and evidences of their successful introgression into wheat. A linkage between the genes Iwt and Lrt has been detected. A resistance to stem rust from sources: WEAH, AD Zhirov's, T. kiharae, T. migushovae has been lost. The genetic material from T. migushovae has completely been lost. A system of algorithms to determine the transmission of monogenic dominant trait through gametes in self-pollination hemizygous hybrids has been tested and the genetic analysis of traits controlled with unpaired chromosomes has been initiated. The strains H74/90-245, H74/90-258 and H79/9-9 (Bulgaria) have been involved in wheat breading. A reciprocal effect and influence of the strain genotype on seed set, the dynamics of variation of agronomic traits complex as well as different expressivity and incomplete penetrance of the characters have been found. Neither any definite trend of population mean value changes nor the trait variation range for generations have not been found. H74/90-245 and H74/90-245 have two wheat-alien translocations and contain reciprocal translocations; H79/9-9, except 1BL.1RS, carries one more reciprocal translocation in the karyotype. Except cluster Pm8/Lr26/Sr31 there are two alien Rs genes, one half dominant Pm and Sr gene, two Lr complementary dominant genes and two linked Hl genes in H74/90-245 and H74/90-258. The inheritance of leaf pubescence and resistance to rust species have been subjected to the influence of natural selection. An independent inheritance of the alien traits except resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew has been revealed. The segregation, corresponding to 3:1 in some conditions may change to other segregation after increasing of infectious load or change of races. Constant BC1F3-4 families with different level of resistance to rusts are isolated for induction of allosyndezis between homeologous chromosomes of wheat and foreign species using ph-mutants. Three complementary gene for resistance to leaf rust and two complementary gene - to stem rust mods of inheritance have been found, and a method of determining and marking each of the two complementary resistance genes individually has been worked out. The selection of ph1b ph1b homozygotes for the high frequency of multivalents - is not sufficient. The BC10 plants have been selected, and 6 addition, 5 substitution, 168 recombinant introgression stocks with different alien traits have been developed to create isogenic lines or to pass in breeding departments, and cultivar Vihen with resistance genes, high frost resistance and insensitivity to photoperiod has been created. A wide range of hardiness of the introgression stocks and a discrepancy results from different years have been found. The strains with very high stabile resistance to rusts showed a higher frost resistance from seeds reproduced in infectious background; the stocks, which resistance to the diseases was high and amphiploids, whose the resistance was overcome, had higher frost sprouts from seeds obtained without infection. Despite the presence of other factors, genotypes retain the ranks of their differentiation in frost resistance, if there are large differences between the lines. The results of research have been implemented in breeding programs of PBGI - NCCS. Research is closely related to the subjects of the other departments of PBGI - NCCS on creating of donors of resistance to diseases. Projected assumptions about the object of study - using as a source material for creating of disease-resistant varieties of soft winter wheat Product Description popup.authors Моцний Іван Іванович Файт Віктор Іванович popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close