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Registration Number

0216U001062, 0111U000150 , R & D reports

Title

Host-parasite systems of background groups of animals, their diversity and structure related to long-term changes of environment; revision of species composition and system of practically important parasite taxa in the fauna of Ukraine

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Head

Kornyushyn Vadym Vasylevych, Доктор біологічних наук

Registration Date

18-01-2016

Organization

Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine

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Structure of host-parasite systems of wild ungulates, domestic horses, marketable fish, aquatic and terrestrial molluscs was investigated. Results of ecological-parasitological studies, original and literature data on acanthocephalans, hymenolepidid cestodes, filarioidean and strongylidean nematodes of Ukrainian fauna were summarised. A manuscript of an issue "Fauna of Ukraine. Hymenolepidoid cestodes of the families Aploparaksidae, Confluariidae and Fimbriariidae" was prepared for publication. In collaboration with international research group, a molecular-phylogenetic analysis of the family Onchocercidae, the most wide-spread and species-rich group of Filarioidea, was performed. The analysis resulted in a phylogenetic hypothesis identifying 5 monophyletic groups within Onchocercidae. Information on the acanthocephalans of the fauna of Ukraine was summarised. The taxonomy of this group, peculiarities of its distribution among hosts, biotopes and geographical regions were analysed. Palaearctic species (35) compose the core of Ukrainian acanthocephalans; most of them are parasites of birds (20) and fish (13), the rest (2) are parasitic in amphibians. The manuscript "Fauna of Ukraine. Acanthocephalans" was prepared for publication. The diversity of nematodes of the superfamily Strongyloidea on the territory of Ukraine was investigated and compared to the diversity of the group as a whole. Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters in both mature and juvenile forms of the superfamily was performed; directions of the evolution of particular characters were identified; the role of parallelisms and convergences in the evolution of the group was estimated based on comparison with molecular data. The genetic material extracted mostly from trematode larvae (cercariae and metacercariae) collected from molluscs in fresh- and brackish-water reservoirs and terrestrial ecosystems was analysed. Comparison of the obtained sequences with the data from GenBank allowed estimation of taxonomic status of the cercariae and metacercariae. The changes of the species diversity of intestinal strongylids from equids depending on the host age were analysed. Infection parameters of domestic horses kept at various conditions were investigated. The highest levels of intestinal nematodes infection were found in working horses kept at private farms without deworming. Blood samples from horses in Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia were studied by molecular methods in order to find pathogens transmitted by ticks, namely, Babesia equi (Piroplasmidae) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales). Babesia equi was found in 14% of hosts; in Ukraine the prevalence of infection was 28%. Fauna of intestinal parasites in Przewalski horses (n=21) from Chornobyl Exclusion Zone and Polsky horse (n=124) from nature reserves in Poland appeared to be similar by species of the subfamilies Strongylinae and Cyathostominae, as well as by Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi, Anoplocefola perfoliata and bot-fly larvae (Gasterophilidae). High level of infection prevalence was associated with low intensity of infection. Strongylinae are veterinary important only at highest intensity of infection. The core of sturgeon fish parasites in Vietnam aqua-cultures is formed by euryxenic parasites originating from local and previously introduced fish. Active introduction of valued fish species and other hydrobionts from various region of the planet is a factor enriching of parasite fauna in both the sturgeons and other fish species. Fauna of parasites of fish at fish farms of the Central Polissia was found to be depauperated. Most parasites are widely specific species of protozoans, monogeneans, trematodes and crustaceans. Maximum diversity of trematodes was observed in fish from littoral zones of reservoirs, with favourable conditions for snails. Therefore, the core of trematode fauna is composed by parasites of fish-eating birds, which involve snails as intermediate hosts in their life cycles.

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Гребень Оксана Борисівна
Король Елеонора Миколаївна
Кудлай Олена Сергіївна
Кузьмін Юрій Ігорович
Кузьміна Тетяна Анатоліївна
Куровська Лариса Яківна
Лісіцина Ольга Іванівна
Лисенко Валентина Миколаївна
Лосєв Олександр Анатолійович
Малега Олександр Миронович
Слівінська Катерина Андріївна
Стрілько Галина Олексіївна
Харченко Віталій Олександрович

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2020-04-02