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Registration Number

0216U003124, 0111U004500 , R & D reports

Title

Scientific justify the ways of reproducing fertility sod-podzolic soils Polesie.

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Head

Alexander Egorov,

Registration Date

14-01-2016

Organization

Institute of agricultural microbiology and agro-industrial production of National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine

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The object of research: soil fertility, crop rotation and saturated intermediate syderalnymy major crops, the size and quality of the crop, biological means of intensification, by-products, enzymes. The purpose of research: scientific ways to prove fertility restoration sod-podzolic soils Polesie using biological means intensification (manure, straw, green manure), to study their effects on indicators of soil fertility, crop productivity, environmental safety of the product and its quality. Research methods: general accepted (hypothesis, experiment, analysis, synthesis, induction) and special (field and laboratory experiments, mathematical statistics). In terms of fixed field experiment on sod-podzolic soil in crop rotation korotkorotatsiynyh The dependence of crop yields, soil fertility indicators, phytosanitary condition of crops from different fertilizing systems. Established that through manure, straw, syderalnyh use in fertilizers and crop rotation legumes clear tendency to the preservation and improvement of humus content in sod-podzolic soils Polesie. Yes humus biggest changes took place in the rotation for the rotation in question syderalniy increase its performance at 0,03-0,29% in plodozminniy rotation they accounted 0,01-0,19%. The biggest indicators of humus at the beginning and the end of the rotation rotation were on the version with the introduction of 10 t / ha manure crop rotation area, respectively 0.97% and -1.14 1,11-1,23%, and straw 1 t / ha in combination with green manure lyupynovym - 0,94-1,15% and 1,16-1,25%. Improved soil fertility restoration is for organic fertilizers as manure, straw, manure and straw with green manure lyupynovym. Calculations showed that the positive balance syderalniy rotation traced by making 10 t / ha manure (+ 0,21-0,29 t / ha), straw 1 t / ha in combination with 5 t / ha manure (+ 0,13- 0.22 t / ha) and straw 1 t / ha of green manure lyupynovym (+ 0,09-0,18 t / ha). In the same crop rotation for organic fertilizers on the background N35-P35K85 on 1 hectare of arable land obtained positive balance of all batteries. The highest productivity of crops in rotations ensured the introduction on 1 hectare of crop rotation area 10 tonnes of manure. In average years of research to increase potato yield this variant compared with the control on the background without fertilizers was within 4,3-7,6 t / ha, maize 1,49 t / ha of spring wheat - 0,56-0, 65 t / ha, oats - 0.55 t / ha, winter rye - 0,56-0,65 t / ha. Against the background of mineral fertilizers N35-45P35K85 allowances under these crops harvest were: potato - 7.8 t / ha, corn - 1.2 t / ha, spring wheat - 0,56-0,71 t / ha, winter rye - 0 , 54-0,81 t / ha. Top performance is plodozminna rotation with the output feed units according backgrounds 3,79-4,9 t / ha and 4,71-5,89 t / ha, which is 14,0-14 and 19,0-19,6% , 4% more than in the grain crop rotation. In terms of sod-podzolic soils Polesie making straw in combination with green manure is highly energy-conservation measures and restoration of soil fertility, increase productivity and use of arable crops in crop rotation. This option received the highest energy efficiency ratio (4,1-6,3) at its value on option with the introduction of 10 t / ha manure 3,4-4,9. Energy consumption per 1 ton of feed units is decreased to 655-1127 mJ and a maximum energy efficiency without aggravating fertilizers on 19,1-30,0%, against making N35-45P35K85 on 15,4-19,0% . The highest income per 1 ha of crop rotation area obtained on variants with the introduction of 10 t / ha manure, 1 t / ha of straw in combination with 5 t / ha of manure and straw 1 t / ha of green manure. The largest conditional income (4403,5-8539,5 UAH / ha) and the highest return (56,5-104,8%) was for growing crops in rotation plodozminniy.

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Єгоров Олександр Васильович
Василюка Ніна Дмитрівна
Жидок Наталія Павлівна
Косач Наталія Іванівна

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2020-04-02