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Information × Registration Number 0216U006105, 0110U007401 , R & D reports Title Systems of autoregulation of the photosynthetic apparatus and production process in high-yielding winter wheat varieties in relation to the conditions of mineral nutrition popup.stage_title Head Stasik Oleg, Registration Date 28-01-2016 Organization Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics NASU popup.description2 It is established that raise in yield in new generation high-yielding winter wheat varieties was achieved due to greater solar radiation use efficiency by canopies during the reproductive period as a result of the larger size of the assimilation surface, chlorophyll index values and the higher rate of photosynthesis. The ability to significantly increase grain productivity by increasing the level of mineral nutrition in high-intensity winter wheat is associated with an increase in capacity of the photosynthetic apparatus and the maintenance of its activity until the end of the grain filling period. It is shown that the efficiency of nitrogen use in the processes of the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation as its reutilization in the process of grain filling in wheat leaves in modern high-intensity winter wheat Favoritka and Smuglianka was higher than in variety of earlier selection Myronivska 808 during ontogeny both at high and low levels of fertilizers. The role of developmental changes in the content of Rubisco in the flag leaf in the regulation of photosynthesis and nitrogen balance in winter wheat plants at different levels of mineral nutrition was clarified. For the first time, it was found that high intensity of photosynthesis in high-yielding varieties Favoritka during grain filling resulted from the slow degradation of Rubisco and accumulation of large content of the enzyme in leaves as compared with the variety Myronivska 808. It is shown that slowing down senescence and maintaining high photosynthetic activity positively depends on the level of fertilizers, but the ability to retain the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus at the later stages of ontogeny in high-yielding varieties is mainly determined by its genetic features than the level of mineral nutrition, and is associated with increased number of grains in ear. For the first time it found that the high efficiency of photosynthesis and the maintenance of the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus in the later stages of ontogenesis in the new high-intensity winter wheat varieties is provided by effective functioning of the regulatory systems of chloroplasts. It was revealed that the new varieties have higher activity of violaxanthin cycle - one of the basic mechanisms of regulation of the distribution of photochemical and non-photochemical use of absorbed light energy in chloroplasts. More rapid formation of zeaxanthin with increasing light intensity ensure better protection of the photosynthetic apparatus from photodestruction and, at other hand, acceleration of zeaxanthin transformation to violaxanthin at lowering light levels - minimizes the unproductive loss of energy due to heat dissipation. It has shown that the activities of the chloroplasts antioxidant enzymes in high-yielding varieties was also higher, both at the optimum, and in low-mineral nutrition. It is found that the intensity of carbon dioxide gas exchange in flag leaf of wheat plants on the light during the period of anthesis - wax ripeness is closely positively correlated with the activity of enzyme of chloroplasts antioxidant defense system. Product Description popup.authors Жук Ольга Іванівна Кірізій Дмитро Анатолійович Міхно Алла Іванівна Осипова Оксана Леонідівна Поліщук Ганна Іванівна Прядкіна Галина Олексіївна Рижикова Поліна Львівна Ситник Сергій Костянтинович Соколовська-Сергієнко Оксана Григорівна Ткачов Володимир Іванович Троценко Віта Анатоліївна popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close