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Registration Number

0217U003141, 0112U002222 , R & D reports

Title

Ecological base of introduced plants acclimatization in the conditions of urban ecosystems of a megalopolis

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Head

Shumik M.I.,

Registration Date

19-01-2017

Organization

M.M.Grishko National Botanical Garden of Ukrainian Academy of Science

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A final report of the NRW: volume 2: I vol. - report: 300, 62 pic., 43 tables, 345 literary sources; II vol. - applications: 40 pcs, 232. The goal of work is a theoretical substantiation of opportunities and elaboration of strategy of sustainable development of ecosystems of urban metropolises by forming anthropotolerance and environmentally effective system of green plantings and optimization of relationships between the city's development and ecological processes in the environment. The objects of the research were tree plantings of Kyiv and the main collections of the introduced plants in M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden. Such scientific methods of research as analysis and synthesis, generalization, mathematical and statistical data processing were used in the work. In addition, principles and methods of landscape analysis in regional planning; botanical and ecological methods of practical study of urban and natural ecosystems were applied. The relevance of research was dictated by the rate of environmental changes during the last century. These changes were caused by human, practical activity of which has become the dominant environmental factor. During the reporting period, a landscape-ecological system (LEIS) has been developed and tested. It can provide a documentation of NBG collections with the reference to GPS data and satellite images; moreover, this system allows continuous monitoring of the status and changes in the structure of plants and territory of NBG. The features and the effects of exposure of anthropogenic pollution in the garden landscapes in a megalopolis were clarified at the system level. Integral indicator of environmental risks of the contamination of the photosystems' components was calculated. In addition, integral indicator of the individual and cumulative influence of the pollutants on the morphological indicators of the dendroindicators was calculated. The data about the state of parklands in Kiev were generalized. Scientific substantiations and projects of the creation of 4 landscaped areas in the NBG were designed. In addition, the zoning of the green zone of Kiev was developed and three landscape-functional areas (central, middle and outer forest-park) were allocated. Methodology of plant's introduction, which based on the introductional prediction and on the experiment, was improved. Objective evaluation of the ability of introductional aptitude of a number of plant species was given. The methodology of artificially increasing of stability of introduced plants using retardants (TUR, Alar, hlorholinhlorida) was designed. The range of 520 forms of woody plants promising for using in the modern landscape construction was compiled. The results of years of the research on the reproductive biology of the populations of Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott & Kotschy, R. luteum Sweet, R. aureum Georgi, R. tomentosum Harmaja in a natural habitat were generalized. The anatomical structures of the assimilation apparatus of 7 species of the genus Rhododendron L. were studied. The characteristic of the population of introduction from the standpoint of the synthetic theory of evolution was adduced. Also the conditions for its sustainability, eco-efficiency were introduced. The blocks of the activities in the system of integrated protection of the greenhouse plants with a predominant use of drugs of biological origin and low-toxic compounds were developed. The using of artificial models of colonization the greenhouses by the natural populations of entomophags is applied. The results of the research are used to optimize the structure, to improve the plantings in NBG and for the creation of recommendations for the establishment and maintenance in an optimal state green plantings in the modern megalopolis. For garden and park landscapes phytomeliorative and environmental compensation measures for prediction and prevention of environmental risks in a metropolis were designed. Conferences, seminars, excursions, classes with students and youth were carried out. These activities promote the NBG as a center for environmental science and education. Keywords: landscape ecology, adaptation, urban ecosystems, megalopolis, landscaping.

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Бєлова Н.Ю.
Бойко Р.В.
Булах П.Є.
Вахновська Н.Г.
Громова О.П.
Дяченко Г.Д.
Казанська Н.А.
Клименко А.В.
Клюєнко О.В.
Пилипчук В.Ф.
Попіль Н.І.
Рубцова О.Л.
Рудь Н.В.
Сіренко О.Г.
Смілянець Н.М.
Счепіцька Т.С.
Чернишев О.В.
Чижанькова В.І.
Чувікіна Н.В.
Шумик М.І.

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2020-04-02