Search academic texts

Information × Registration Number 0218U000561, 0115U000641 , R & D reports Title Project of the organization of the territory of the M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden popup.stage_title Head Shumik M.I., Registration Date 01-02-2018 Organization M.M.Grishko National Botanical Garden of Ukrainian Academy of Science popup.description2 A final report of the NRW: volume 2: I vol. - report: 204, 17 pic., 19 tables, 100 literary sources; II vol. - applications: 8 pcs, 106. The relevance of the development of the project of the organization of the territory of the M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden is conditioned by changes in the environmental legislation of Ukraine and the need to adjust strategic tasks in accordance with the urgent problems of the Garden and external challenges. The relevance of research is dictated by both the intensity of the anthropogenic load and the rate of climatic changes in recent years, conditioned by man, whose practical activity has become the dominant environmental factor. The goal of the project is to ensure effectively the implementation of strategic scientific trends in the development of the Botanical Garden in accordance with the general concept of sustainable development and conservation and enrichment of the biological and landscape diversity of the garden. M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (further NBG) as a multifunctional object performs an important recreational role. It is a kind of natural purification complex of the central part of the city and it requires comprehensive monitoring of the ecological condition of the territory. The general information about the NBG as a research institution and the object of the nature reserve fund is given. A general description of the ecological situation in the city of Kyiv is presented. Data on climatic conditions, geographical location and relief of NBG are presented. It is noted that a large number of ravines and girders contribute to the development of erosion processes and, in the presence of isothermia, the accumulation of pollutants in depressions of the relief. It is noted that all soils of the NBG are characterized by a decrease in fertility, structural disturbance and the presence of erosion processes. The role of mycorrhiza and soil microflora for the successful growth and development of green plantations and the need to create favorable conditions for their development is emphasized. The general characteristic of green plantations of botanical-geographical and exposition areas of NBG was presented. A landscape ecological system (LEIS) was being developed. It provides documentation of NBG collections with reference to GPS data and satellite imagery. Also it allows for continuous monitoring of the condition and changes in the structure of plantations and the territory of NBG. It is noted that 127 species of vertebrates, belonging to 18 orders and 4 classes, were recorded in the garden. At the system level, the peculiarities and consequences of the influence of technogenic pollution on landscapes of parks and gardens in the conditions of a megacity were determined. Phytomelioration and ecological-compensatory actions for prognostication and prevention of environmental risks are offered. It was found that among the local sources of atmospheric air pollution in the landscapes of NBG, the industrial emissions of the district of Building industry (including the TPS-5) and the motor transport of the adjacent highways had produced the greatest amount of the pollutants. An excess of the level of MAC for vegetation was observed in the air on the territory of NBG in the content of dioxides of nitrogen and sulfur, formaldehyde and dust. High recreational loads (in 1.5-2.5 times) were established. They exceed the recreational capacity and cause a digression of 3-4 stages in the areas: "Magnolia garden", "Lilac garden", "Mountain garden", "Flower hill". For leveling local critical loads and dispersing the flow of recreants through the territory of the NBG, it is proposed to create 4 ecological trails. In the structure of the garden, there are 8 scientific departments and 2 laboratories. Studies are being carried out on the problems of introduction and acclimatization of plants, the preservation of the gene pool of endemic, relict, rare and endangered species, the selection of flower-decorative, fruit and berry, vegetable, spicy and fodder crops, biotechnology, tropical and subtropical plants, medical botany, phytodesign, landscape construction, chemical interaction of plants (allelopathy), dendrology and parkology. Scientific substantiations and projects of creation in the M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden landscape and collection-exposition areas were developed. There are Ukrainian garden, Austrian glpine garden, Korean traditional garden, Site of Tibetan nature and culture. The main provisions of the concept of sustainable development to ensure minimum energy costs in the greening of urbanized areas were taken into account. The strategy of the garden development for the next 10 years was developed. Its main tasks are to preserve the natural heritage of the Dnieper slopes, to preserve, restore and enrich the flora of botanical and geographical areas, to increase the sustainability and ecological efficiency of green plantations by optimizing their composition and structure, improving soil quality and balancing the irrigation system of the garden. The concept of development of botanical expositions was formulated. The creation of ethnobotanical expositions is relevant for today, because it is necessary to improve the artistic perception of the territory and to promotion of world environmental culture and the achievements of landscape art of different peoples. The East sector is the most fully represented. There are the Korean traditional garden, the Site of Tibetan nature and culture, the Indonesian garden. The Japanese and Indian gardens are in development. The Chinese garden and the Site of culture and landscape art of the United Arab Emirates are now in the state of projecting. During the term of the Project, it was proposed to create and complete 11 new ethnobotanical sites, 9 existing sites need capital reconstruction. Recommendations were developed for optimizing the composition and improving the state of collections of introduced plants and exposures for the other sites. A Program for Monitoring the state of landscapes and green plantings was developed to justify and make timely decisions, to choose the optimal options for the development strategy of the territory and nature protection activities, to ensure a rational and environmentally based system of landscape construction using ecological and economic criteria and purpose of green plantings. Key words: project of organization of territory, introduced plants, green plantations, urbanization, landscape, optimization. Product Description popup.authors Буйдін Ю.В. Булах П.Є. Буюн Л.І. Гапоненко М.Б. Джуренко Н.І. Заїменко Н.В. Клименко С.В. Клименко Ю.О. Клюєнко О.В. Мельник В.І. Пилипчук В.Ф. Попіль Н.І. Рахметов Д.Б. Рубцова О.Л. Рудь Н.В. Смілянець Н.М. Счепіцька Т.С. Чернишев О.В. Чувікіна Н.В. Шумик М.І. popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close