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Registration Number

0225U004411, (0120U105249) , R & D reports

Title

Genetic, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms for plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions

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Генетичні і фізіолого-біохімічні механізми адаптації рослин до екстремальних умов довкілля

Head

Kunakh Viktor A.,

Registration Date

04-12-2025

Organization

Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine

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To study the features of potential genetic, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms for plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in nature and experiment, in particular to in vitro culture conditions

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A comprehensive study of a number of plants was conducted to search for the potential genetic and physiological-biochemical mechanisms of plant adaptation to extreme environments in nature and in experiments, particularly under in vitro culture conditions. Molecular genetic, cytogenetic, bioinformatics and chemical analysis methods, as well as in vitro culture techniques, were employed. For extremophile plants Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis, techniques were developed for clonal propagation, long-term cultivation of in vitro and in pots, and seed propagation of cloned plants. A collection of Antarctic plants was created, and their comprehensive study was conducted. Polymorphism of 5S rDNA genes was identified in C. quitensis and four other Deschampsia species, which may have adaptive significance. In D. antarctica, genes encoding DREB2 and ICE transcription factors, involved in the response to abiotic stress, were predicted in silico. Their organisation and expression were analysed and protein products characterised. The composition of biologically active substances (BASs) was determined for in vitro plants and tissue cultures. The genetic structure of C. quitensis Antarctic populations was studied. Culture conditions were developed and tissue cultures of the medicinal herbs Rauvolfia serpentina, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Echium plantagineum were established. The biotechnological characteristics of these cultures, as well as the quantitative and qualitative composition of BAS in cell biomass, were determined. Qualitative and quantitative changes in BAS composition depending on culture conditions and nutrient medium composition were shown, indicating the role of secondary metabolites in stress response. The 5S rDNA intergenic spacer was sequenced in gentian species and the peculiarities of its evolution in different sections of the genus Gentiana were revealed. Its suitability for systematic and evolutionary studies was also demonstrated.

Product Description

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Olena G. Alkhimova
Daria O. Navrotska
Oksana O. Poronnik
Ihor O. Andrieiev
Ivan Y. Parnikoza
Maryana O. Twardovska
Olena M. Bublyk
Vitaliy M. Melnyk
Hanna Y. Myriuta
Iryna I. Konvalyuk
Ludmyla P. Mozhylevska

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2025-12-04