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Information × Registration Number 0226U001403, (0121U107727) , R & D reports Title Processes of fractionation of heavy hydrogen isotopes in semi-natural biogeosystems popup.stage_title Процеси фракціонування важких ізотопів водню в природно-техногенних біогеосистемах Head Dolin Viktor V., Доктор геологічних наук Registration Date 26-01-2026 Organization State Institution "The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" popup.description1 Investigation of the causes of the imbalance of heavy isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) in semi-natural systems in the future of the development of the nuclear energy complex; Development of new methods for the separation of hydrogen isotopes (protium, deuterium and tritium) in the technological waters of nuclear power plants for their reuse at nuclear energy complex enterprises; Determination of the mechanism of biological assimilation and desimilation of the heavy isotope of hydrogen by aquatic and wetland vegetation under natural conditions under the influence of emergency intake of tritium into the environment and in laboratory experiments. popup.description2 This comprehensive scientific work addresses the development of innovative technologies for tritium management and radioactive waste handling within the nuclear fuel cycle in the context of global nuclear safety. For the first time, it has been experimentally demonstrated that 13–45% of tritium diffuses through the cladding of spent fuel elements during aqueous storage of spent nuclear fuel over a 6–20 year period. Significant deficiencies in conventional metal waste detritiation methods have been identified, which increase radiological hazard by a factor of 10,000. The installation of additional biobarriers comprising layered silicates (saponite and clinoptilolite) is recommended to ensure reliable tritium isolation. Experimental evidence confirms hydrogen isotope fractionation with a separation factor of 3, enabling effective deuterium–tritium separation. An innovative electrokinetic leaching method has been developed for the mobilization of radioactive materials from the Shelter object without altering the phase state of waste, in collaboration with the Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. An energy-efficient hydrogen production method from spent nuclear fuel has been proposed through controlled steam–zirconium reaction management coupled with cryogenic isotope separation, thereby reducing both reagent consumption and radiological risks. A comprehensive analysis of nuclear safety under military conflict conditions has been conducted. It has been established that 90% of anthropogenic radioactivity on the planet is concentrated in spent nuclear fuel, while fuel storage facilities are structurally vulnerable to military attack. The extreme level of radioactive inventory at Ukrainian nuclear power plants has been assessed, exceeding the accumulated activity at Chornobyl Unit 4 by orders of magnitude. Transboundary risks stemming from the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam have been analyzed, which precipit Product Description popup.authors Oleksandr V. Pushkarov Iryna M. Sevruk Shramenko Ivan F. Stetsenko Dmytro O. Oleksandr V. Zubko Vitalii V. Dolin popup.nrat_date 2026-01-26 Close