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Information × Registration Number 2119U004195, Article popup.category Thesis Title popup.author popup.publication 01-01-2019 popup.source_user Сумський державний університет popup.source http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75228 popup.publisher EBES Istanbul - Turkey Description The EU experience shows the best legislative and socio-economic mechanisms to ensure the Third (T.i.r.) and Fourth Industrial Revolutions (F.i.r.). There are three major groups of instruments used to ensure the T.i.r. and F.i.r. goals in the EU countries: hard law - orders and directives, prohibitions, restrictions or licensing procedures; economic instruments (market-oriented laws) - green taxation, environmental payments, certificates (trade permits) or liability, green subsidies and promotion schemes, as well as disclosure of subsidies that are harmful to the environment (for example, subsidizing fossil fuel prices); soft law - information, management systems, exchanges of experience or binding agreements between government agencies and private business associations (“green" agreements or unions). popup.nrat_date 2025-05-12 Close