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Information × Registration Number 0219U000056, 0118U002332 , R & D reports Title Functioning of blood-brain barrier and neurotransmission under inflammatory state: role of immune and haemostatic systems in neuroinflammation. popup.stage_title Head Kasatkina Ludmila Oleksandrivna, Registration Date 10-01-2019 Organization A.V.Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences popup.description2 Under systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, the integrity and permeability of the blood-brain barrier is disrupted. The impairments in the central nervous system associated with the development of neuroinflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, are directly mediated by the infiltration of various cells of the immune system, in particular monocytes, which are transformed into macrophages of the brain. Using the intraperitoneal injection of a fluorescent probe and its detection in the brain parenchyma we revealed an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier for soluble compounds on the 4th day of the development of an inflammatory condition. The content of the fluorescent probe in the brain parenchyma of experimental animals (its permeability through the blood-brain barrier) increases by 65% compared to its content in the brain of control group animals. Using specific markers to various subpopulations of cells, the infiltration of immune cells was detected during the development of an inflammatory state. Among the cells that infiltrate into the brain parenchyma we detected neutrophils (the number of detected cells increased by 44%), macrophages (the number of cells increased by 31%), and also activated microglial cells of the brain (increased by 23% compared to the control group). These cells are able to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance the inflammatory process, which is now localized in the brain. The increase of activated microglial cells, which are resident cells of the brain, indicates the process of neuroinflammation. After activation, microglial cells are able to intensively generate reactive oxygen species and produce a number of neurotoxic compounds, in particular glutamate, which in the brain is the main excitatory neurotransmitter. A prolonged increase in the level of glutamate in the extracellular space leads to excessive activation of glutamate receptors and apoptotic death of neurons. This mechanism underlies the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, the development of which is now closely associated with the previous inflammatory process, especially chronic. Product Description popup.authors Гудзь Єгор Анатолійович Гузик Михайло Михайлович Лісаковська Ольга Олександрівна Чернишенко Володимир Олександрович popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close