Registration Number
0219U000862,
0117U003081
, R & D reports
Title
Development of new technologies and technical means of preparation of small-seed mixtures on the basis of controlled electromagnetic action
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Head
Kovalyshyn Stepan Yosyfovych,
Registration Date
05-03-2019
Organization
Lvіv national agrarian university
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The subject of research and development are the regularities of changes in the properties of seed mixtures under the influence of these controlled electromagnetic actions in the process of their post-harvest and pre-planting treatments. The object of research is the seed material of small-seed mixtures, separators with additional working bodies in the form of an electric field of corona discharge, technology of post-harvesting and pre-planting treatments of seed material. The purpose of the project is to improve the quality of seed mixtures by developing new technologies and technical means of their post harvesting and presentive treatments. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: - technologies and technical means of preparation of seeds of agricultural crops are analyzed; - the theoretical description of the movement of the components of seed mixtures on the working organs of separators, which are superimposed on the electric field; - physical-mechanical and electrical properties of components of small-seed mixtures were determined, on the basis of which new features of divisibility were established; - the method of electrospraying was developed and applied to seed-cleaning machines of different constructions; - perspective designs and parameters of separation of electroseparators are substantiated; - the mechanism of influence of pre-planting electrostimulation on the seed material has been revealed on the basis of studies in the dynamics of seeds of seedlings of cultivated seeds; - Approbation was carried out and the developed technologies were introduced in the process of preparation of sowing material of small-seed mixtures. Monitoring studies determined that small-flowered crops in the structure of Ukraine's crops area occupy about 20%, and the seed quality of their seed material does not always meet the established standards due to the presence of heavy separating admixture of weeds and various kinds of damaged because of their substantial similarity to the basic physical -mechanical properties with seeds of culture. The analysis of technologies of post-harvest preparation of small seed crops has established that one of the ways of improving its quality is the use of separators in the process of additional purification, in which an electric field is used as an additional working body. In the process of scientific and technical development, theoretical studies were carried out on the movement of components of small-seed mixtures on the working organs of an electron mount hinge, a vibration electro-friction separator, a pneumoelectric separator, a vibroelectrofrictional cylindrical drum. These studies were reduced to obtaining the calculated trajectories of motion and determination of the influence on the coordinate of the east of the segregated components of the seed mixtures of the regulated parameters of the electrospray - electric field strength in the working area of ??the separator, speed (frequency of rotation), amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the working surface of the separator, air flow velocity in the vertical channel pneumatic separator. The conducted analysis of the calculated trajectories and the coordinates of the approach of the studied components of the mixture has established the possibility of their separation by a combination of physical-mechanical (aerodynamic) and electrical properties. The next stage was the conduct of experimental studies, which resulted in substantiation of the optimal values ??of the regulated parameters of separation of small-seed mixtures on the proposed electroseparators. In order to control the effectiveness of pre-planting electrostimulation, which undergoes seeding during electroseparation, on their crops and yield qualities, the quantitative level of high-molecular fatty acids in seedlings, indigenous and residues of seeded material stimulated in an electric field of a crown discharge was investigated. A close relationship was found between the content of individual macromolecular acids in seedlings of treated seed and its crop characteristics. Based on this, the effectiveness of electrostimulation was estimated and its optimal parameters were substantiated. For the disclosure of the mechanism of influence of electromagnetic fields on biological, including plant structures, electronic-microscopic investigations were carried out at the cellular level of seedlings of grazing ryegrass seeded in an electric field of crown discharge. It has been established that in the seedlings of treated seed the intracellular organization of the plant changes, resulting in changes in cell division. This is evidently due to the reduction of the interphase, in particular the S-phase, resulting in disturbed normal DNA synthesis, chromatin formation and, accordingly, chromosome collection. As a result, the cell division is faster, which leads to an increase in the seed quality of the seed of the test plant. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that for the first time new generalized models of the process of interaction and behavior of particles of separation mixtures, which are given additional force influence with the help of an electric field, are developed for: - inclined moving friction plane under the action of gravity, electric and force of inertia; - cylindrical oscillating surface under the influence of gravity, electric and forces
Product Description
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Дадак Віктор Олександрович
Дацюк Ростислав Юхимович
Ковалишин Степан Йосифович
Мягкота Степан Васильович
Паранюк Володимир Олексійович
Швець Олексій Петрович
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2020-04-02
