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Information × Registration Number 0219U004390, 0117U003194 , R & D reports Title Language units of different levels in the modern Germanic, Romanic, Slavonic and Greek languages: cognitive, communicative and contrastive aspects popup.stage_title Head Shepitko Svitlana, Registration Date 01-07-2019 Organization Mariupol State University popup.description2 The research offers a new theoretical and methodological concept for comparison of cognitive and grammatical constructing of prepositional causativity/causality in English, Modern Greek and Ukrainian; 5 common types of variant and invariant models of prepositional constructing of causative situations in English, Modern Greek and Ukrainian have been identified: 1) existential type (existence), 2) actional type (action, event, phenomenon), 3) statal type (state), 4) relational type (relation), 5) characterizing type (characteristic, property, quality, quantity); lists of causal prepositions that are markers of cause and effect relationship for each language under research have been compiled: in English the markers of this relationship are 24 prepositions: 10 simple prepositions and 14 compound ones; in Modern Greek there are 15 causal prepositions all of which are simple, and in Ukrainian there are 28 causal prepositions, which are simple, compound and complex; grammatical prepositional constructing of a segment of the functional-semantic field of causality in English, Modern Greek and Ukrainian has been carried out by means of revealing its centre-periphery structure; general characteristics of cognitive and grammatical constructing of prepositional causativity/causality as well as differences connected with national cultural differences in perception of causal situations and their conseqences by each nation and the grammatical structure of English, Modern Greek and Ukrainian have been identified. Theoretical postulates of the thesis are based on philosophical tradition of understanding the category of causality which serves to denote the necessary causautive connection between two phenomena, one of which (referred to as cause) generates the other (referred to as effect). Cause and effect are characterized by an asymmetrical relationship since they are unequal and one of them causes the other. Cause and effect relationship is one of the basic forms of interconditionality of the processes of reflecting the real world in the language, which identify the highest level of human thinking - ability to make logical inferences, formalized by means of framing counterfactual implication. To denote cause and effect relationship the term causal implication, which is expressed by the formula А ± В, where the sign ± shows that the statements are related by meaning. Along with this relation there is a universal logical grammatical notion, that is inference, the form of expression of which are natural language constructions. The choice of the syntactic construction is determined by the specific character of inference as a form of thinking based on cause and effect relationship. Revealing logical operations in natural language constructions helps to establish the cognitive nature of links between language and thinking, since the real world is reflected in human consciousness in the shape of various forms of thought (judgments, notions, inferences), that are expressed in every language in accordance with its grammatical structure. Thus, the linguistic category of causality is linked to its cognitive understanding as a universal conceptual category of human existence, which is expressed in the language with the help of various means. The main way of identifying the category of causality is factuality, which manifests itself through the semantic opposition generating real event / generated real event, connected by causative relationship. Another way of its manifestation is the degree of informativity in the way cause is expressed in the language, which is determined by causality that is a complex structured notion, the plane of content of which is the general invariant meaning of causality with its variant meanings of consequence, condition, concession, etc., while the plane of expression is composed of means of different language levels. The term "causation" is related but is not equivalent to the notion "causality". It gave rise to the usage of the term "causativity" in the language of science, which came to denote variant situations of cause or causative situations in cognitive grammar. The term "causativity" in the thesis is used to denote a complex multi-faceted category which originates from the philosophical category of causality and depicts real connections between the objects of the surrounding world, which are categorized by human consciousness as causal. The typology of causal situations is comprised of 5 types: 1) existential type (existence), 2) actional type (action, event, phenomenon), 3) statal type (state), 4) relational type (relation), 5) characterizing type (characteristic, property, quality, quantity). Cognitive reflection of causative situations in the consciousness of native speakers of a certain language is revealed through a person's mental activity, in particular, their cognitive ability to draw inferences, make judgments and find explanation for objective cause and effect (causal) relationship. In different languages, regardless of their morphological structure, syntactical constructions, the conceptual structure of which contains logical proposition of causality (X is the cause of Y) are called causal constructions. Causal meaning can be expressed by various causal constructions, which are a means of expressing cause and effect relationship. Meanwhile, means of expressing cause and effect relationship are its markers in the structure of causal constructions, which include, among others, prepositions. From a cognitive perspective, prepositions are orienting points, which mark certain points in space or its sectors in the given coordinate system. The primary meanings of prepositions are abstract, in most cases, spatial ones and their derivatives, with causal prepositions occupying a dominant position. Causal prepositions express various types of cause and effect relationships in a given causative situation. In context prepositions form prepositional constructions which are built up in accordance with the grammatical patterns of a given language, in this case, of English, Modern Greek and Ukrainian. Prepositional causal constructions are markers of cause and effect relationships. In English the markers of these relationships are 24 prepositions: 10 simple prepositions and 14 compound ones; in Modern Greek there are 15 causal prepositions all of which are simple, and in Ukrainian there are 28 causal prepositions, which are simple, compound and complex. Simple prepositions are the most abstract ones and they denote the general meaning of causality, while compound and complex prepositions indicate a more specific causal meaning in a given causative situation. Product Description popup.authors Є.О. Висоцька А.В. Шарунова А.Г. Горшкова А.Д. Осадча А.Д. Перепелиця Б.І. Гамідова В.Є. Хоровець В.І. Зензерова В.В. Коваль В.Ю. Канна Д.С. Різуненко К.В. Пилипшанова К.Е. Ягмурджи-Агєєва К.М. Мирошниченко К.О. Лобань К.О. Юркова К.С. Дацер М.В. Калашников М.Д. Соколов М.М. Тарапатов М.О. Костенко М.С. Смирнова О.І. Перва О.Ф. Пефтієва С.В. Шепітько С.Г. Романюк С.М. Лучіна С.С. Попова Т.А. Куценко Я.Є. Панова popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close