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Registration Number

0219U004552, 0118U001402 , R & D reports

Title

Improvement of the composting technology of the municipal solid waste's food component

Head

Krusir Galyna, Доктор технічних наук

Registration Date

06-09-2019

Organization

Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies

Description

The work is devoted to the solution of the scientific and practical task of increasing the level of environmental safety of landfills of solid household waste by introducing an advanced technology of composting of the food component of solid waste. Since up to 40% of MSW is classified as easily decomposed organic waste, removing this part of waste from landfills by composting and turning waste into secondary material resources will significantly reduce the environmental burden of actually deployed and potentially planned landfills to the environment. The identification and assessment of ecological aspects of the functioning of landfill sites, identification of the mechanism of the formation of environmental hazards under their influence. The analysis and assessment of the level of environmental hazard using the system of complex indicators characterizing the probability of occurrence and the degree of environmental hazard. An algorithm of ecological safety management of landfills of MSW is developed, where the object of management is the morphological composition of waste that is capable of methanogenesis and is the main source of greenhouse gas formation and emergence of an emergency situation. Emissions of greenhouse gases were assessed and methane formation volumes were determined on the landfill site. The degree of their reduction was estimated by introducing a complex system of composting of the solid food waste with the introduction of microbiological or mineral additives. In order to improve the technology of composting of the food component of solid waste, it is substantiated that introducing into the compost mixture of mineral or microbiological additives, which will lead to the activation of microbial activity in the initial stages of the process. During the experiment, abiotic, biotic and maturity indices of the obtained compost were studied. It is proved that the process of maturation of the compost when applied to the mineral additive is accelerated by 2.2 times under the thermophilic conditions and 1.4 times by the mesophilic ones, and the process of maturation of the compost when the microbiological additive is applied is accelerated by 3.3 and 2.1 times, respectively. Implementation of the advanced technology of composting of the food component of solid waste will significantly reduce the amount of stored waste, greenhouse gas emissions, including methane, and obtain high quality organo-mineral fertilizers as the final product of processing.

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Сагдєєва Ольга Анісівна