Registration Number
0223U000342,
0121U000051
, R & D reports
Title
02.02.02.07.P Theoretically substantiate crop rotations with a high level of competitiveness to segetal vegetation
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Head
Kravchenko Vitalii P.,
Registration Date
06-01-2023
Organization
Cherkasy State The Agricultural Experimental Station of National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine"
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According to Braun Blanke, the segetal vegetation of our agrophytocenoses belongs to the class Stellarietea mediae Centauretalia cyani R. Tx. 1950, order Secalietalia Br.-Bl. 1931 em J. et R.Tx. 1960 D.s. Ord. = D.s. C. In agrocenoses of crop rotation, the weed population is represented by several types of spring weeds: gray mouse (Setaria glauca L.) - 34.5 - 49.1%; white quinoa (Chenopodium album L.) - 22.9 - 38.4%, pepper mustard (Polygonum scabrum Moench.) - 1.6 -21.8%, buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) -2%, nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). 7.8 - 22%.
Evaluation criteria of the state of fertility of typical low-humus chernozem are the ratio of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants in the coenosis, taking into account their mass; a significant part of the mouse is blue as an indicator of reduced soil fertility and, conversely; the presence of a significant number of such nitrophils, such as white quinoa, black nightshade, common sorrel, as an indicator of high soil fertility with a tendency to actively remove nitrogen from them. The largest losses of nutrients are observed in field-free cultivations with the introduction of a double dose of fertilizers 39 - 52.4 kg/ha, and the smallest in plowing 10.8 - 26.7 kg/ha. The removal of NRK increases by 2.1-1.5 times with increasing soil fertility: 10.8 kg/ha in the control without fertilizers, 23.3 kg/ha in the background of N31Р33К41, 26.7kg/ha in the background of N62Р66К82. With long-term use of tillage, the number of weed seedlings in spring crops (peas, barley, corn, sunflower) is 1.4-3.2 times higher than in plowing.
Five-field crop rotations saturated with 40% corn have a productivity of 10.3-12 t/ha of fodder units, which ensured a net profit of 18.2-25.7 thousand hryvnias/ha and a profitability of 61-103%. In the case of no-shelf processing, the cost of 1 ton of grain is 420-580 hryvnias/t less compared to ploughing.
Product Description
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Kravchenko Vitalii P.
Chala Svitlana Volodymyrivna
Yarmilko Svitlana Andriivna
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2023-01-06
