Registration Number
0224U000391,
0121U000049
, R & D reports
Title
Theoretical substantiation of expediency of introduction of system of tillage "no till"
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Head
Demydenko Oleksandr V., Доктор сільськогосподарських наук
Registration Date
06-01-2024
Organization
Cherkasy State The Agricultural Experimental Station of National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine"
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When transitioning from systematic plowing and long-term surface cultivation in a 5-day grain rotation, the yield of by-products is sufficient for standard coverage of the field surface with a layer of plant mulch, which allows covering the field surface from 75% to 90%, depending on the crop in the crop rotation. The application of the No-till system in the first years provides in the spring a density level of the structure in the 0−30 cm layer of chernozem in the range of 1.23−1.24 g/cm3 (by plowing) and 1.24−1.26 g/cm3 (by surface processing); in the summer period, the density of the structure was within the range of 1.25−1.27 g/cm3, and in the autumn period, the density of the structure did not exceed the critical values (1.30−1.32 g/cm3), while during plowing the density reaches values >1.35 g/cm3. The loosening of black soil during the period autumn - winter - spring under No-till systems was: 0.07−0.08 g/cm3 and 0.05−0.11 g/cm3, respectively, No-till by plowing and surface treatment, while under plowing due to "physiization" loosening increases to 0.11-0.19 g/cm3. Under the No-till system, for 2-3 years of implementation, productive moisture accumulates in the meter layer of the soil by 8-12 mm more compared to plowing, and relative to the reserves of 2022, the moisture reserve in 2023 increased by +19.0 mm (after plowing) and by +14.0 mm (by surface cultivation), which is associated with the formation of a layer of mulch on the surface of the field and the creation of vertical courses of earthworms and vertical macro-scars from rotting roots, which are not destroyed by intensive cultivation.
When switching to the No-till system in a 5-till grain rotation, leaving by-products to create a layer of mulch on the field surface in the amount of 5.40-5.65 t/ha, total above-ground mass - 6.42-7.22 t/ha and total secondary phytomass of 9.50−10.2 t/ha provides optimal values of the structure density of the 0-30 cm layer of chernozem in seasonal and annual terms.
Product Description
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Muzychko Svitlana B.
Rasevych Volodymyr V.
Tetereshchenko Nataliya M.
Shagurska Nataliya V.
Shapran Valentyna S.
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2024-01-06
