Registration Number
2125U011217, Article
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Article, Стаття
Title
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Xiaodong S.
Ishchenko V.
Polyvanyi S.
Сяодун С.
Іщенко В. А.
Поливаний С. В.
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13-11-2025
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Вінницький національний технічний університет
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https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49993
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Lviv Polytechnic National University
Description
An environmental impact of waste batteries was
analysed (focusing on certain types like nickel-cadmium, leadacid batteries). The study also adopts a quantitative analysis
method, combined with China’s battery production, sales,
import and export data (2014–2023), and obtains data through
the United Nations Commodity Trade Database and the China
Battery Association report. The Weibull life distribution model
was used to estimate the waste battery generation in China.
The calculation is also based on the average lifetime and
recycling rate of batteries. China’s imports of batteries
generally showed a downward trend, while exports showed an
upward trend, especially lithium batteries (both primary and
lithium-ion rechargeable). With a constant increase in batteries
production, amount of batteries on Chinese market has grown
during last 10 ye ars, although some battery types (lead-acid,
nickel-cadmium) demonstrate reduction due to the
replacement with other batteries. According to our
calculations, waste lithium batteries (driven by the new energy
industry) and lead-acid batteries (huge stock market) are the
main contributors to waste battery volume growth, covering
99 % of around 10.5 million tons of waste battery generation
in China. Further research prospects are to introduce more
variables (such as technological progress and consumer habits)
to improve the waste battery generation prediction model
through dynamic model optimization.
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2026-10-22
