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Registration Number

0215U002243, 0110U001933 , R & D reports

Title

To study the causes and dynamics of mass forest pathology processes in modern conditions and to develop measures for increase the stability of forests

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Head

Ustskii Ivan Miroslavovich,

Registration Date

04-03-2015

Organization

Ukrainian scientific research institute of forestry and forest melioration named after G.M. Vysotsky

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Object of study - forest plantations Ukraine, where there were forest pathological processes. Purpose - to examine changes in state plantations main forest species in different regions of Ukraine. The method of investigation - the collection, compilation and analysis of data woods Ukraine, which were observed pathological processes; Search patterns of spread of pathological processes and provide a quantitative assessment of the dynamics of pathological processes in the forests of Ukraine as of 2009. The study's development characteristics of pathological processes in the Southern Barrens and central Woodlands. Data analysis on the impact on the state of drainage reclamation plants. Study features growth of pine trees on old plowed land. Search physiological and biochemical indexes of stability of pine and oak. Collecting and summarizing data as to forest pathological processes carried out by methods and software developed at the crown. Forest-taksatsiyni research conducted under generally accepted methods. The research results show that compared with the figures as of 1988. As of 2011 increased 2.2 times not covered with forest vegetation of the earth, and their composition is 1.7 times square frames, increased space softwood trees in 1,7raz, and areas of spruce trees, was 1.2 times lower. As of 2009 compared to 1994 as plantation area in which the observed processes lisopatolohichni increased in 1,8raz. To the extent local ecological disaster as of 2009 increased scale drying of pine plantations in Nikolaev and Kherson region. The most significant increase in the extent of pathological processes as of 2009 in oak stands to the level of local ecological disaster, noted among Pollissya areas in the Kiev region - 20.3%, steppe areas - Mykolaiv region - 38.9%. The spread of pathological processes in oak stands Kherson region has reached a critical level - 16.7%. Growth areas vsyhayuchyh spruce has become the largest volume in the Carpathian region in particular Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv in Forestry and Hunting Administration, which has reached a catastrophic level of 41% and 31%. Developed based on forecast changes in vegetation areas in which there are pathological processes It is noted that the main reason for drying pine upland terraces Kyiv FSRS is drying topsoil during abnormal temperature rise in summer 2010-11 years as a result of lowering of groundwater and capillary fringe separation from rich roots layer of soil, especially in places deep bedding moraine and loamy layers. In terms Nyzhnodniprovya occurs group drying and Crimean pine on elevated terrain; continues to grow Crimean pine degree of defoliation due to lesions plant-pathogenic fungus Dothistroma pini Hulbary and Fusicoccum sp cancer and drying of pine along the perimeter fires of 2012. In terms of A1, marked by chronic outbreaks Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr (rufus Latr) reproduction caused by the partial diapause pest. An exacerbated forest pathological process is falling groundwater level due to lower rainfall and long hot summers. In monocultures on old plowed land fraction affected o by Henerobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref of pine plantations, from the total area affected plantations both natural and created are in fresh pine forests (B2).The pine plantations in the space between the centers of drying the grow of I-Ia growth class and higher, achieving substantial reserves at the age of 40-55 years. Research morphological characteristics of soils pine plantations which embrace progressive drying of pine group show that fragments characteristic of soils in centers of drying is somewhat lower density soil layers at a depth of 30-70 cm and high their density to a depth 100-120sm. These fragmentary features contribute to soil concentrations of roots at 20 -40sm that the sudden change of water regime can lead to a deterioration of vegetation in these areas and the appearance in centers of drying. Pure stands of birch in fresh pine forests in clearings affected by Henerobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref plantations, this pathogen is not affected but may be affected Armillaria mellea. The appearance of fruiting bodies on birch roots was observed only in terms of their root contacts with pine roots. Fruit bodies on the roots of birch smaller and formed at shallow roots. Forest reserve first generation pine plantations on old plowed land affected even in the age of technical maturity birch in one way or another than stock birch plantations and its cost with regard sortiment structure. Stock birch stands of pine compared in terms of the spread Henerobasidion annosum is smaller, but the loss of wood when grown under these conditions pine stands are relatively large, with a strong degree of discomfiture by 50%, while 30% with an average degree. The overall trend changes under drainage reclamation shows a slight increase wetting forests are in fluenced melioratyvnvnyh channels, indicating that the partial loss of their functions but changing forest conditions in the plant side wetting is not significant. Analysis of the dynamics of relationships areas with different levels of groundwater occurrence of a change in status indicates that the strait relations average volume of sanitary cutting of vegetation dynamics area with a level of occurrence of RGV 0.75-1,25. Effect of drainage reclamation 62-1970rr on radial growth pine stands characterized by radial growth of trees grow for 6-20 years after the conference (in 1972) and then decreases to the value of radial increment in tracts where drainage reclamation is not performed. Drainage reclamation significantly reduced increase the radius of oak trees grown in the first 10 years and then radial increment value for 12y.o. stabilized, and only in the last 5 years there is a trend towards reduction. Radial growth oak trees of the same age, who was outside the influence of reclamation channels for the entire period gradually decreased. Found that different types of pathogens and insect pests widespread selectively chosen as the host tree specific chemotype. Negative effect of flavonols components of the activity of the root system and particularly the positive role of these components on survival rate and adaptability explants oak. The results of the data indicate that the content can be glycosides PL consideration as a biochemical marker feature that allows you to predict the potential development of roots in mikroklonuvanni plants. Synthesis studied primary metabolites (proteins) in lubi trees all categories (stable patients, healthy) differs slightly. The intensity of accumulation of phenolic compounds in trees of different categories of state significantly different. In lubi trees from "stable" total amount of these compounds greatest somewhat less of a "healthy" and at least "patients". The degree of variability of biochemical and morphological features of trees growing under the influence of pathological processes that occur in the plantation, and the differences between them are caused by a hereditary properties and the influence of stress and environmental factors. According to research first generalized spread of pathological processes in forests of Ukraine, in particular on old plowed land and under the influence of reclamation and found some secondary metabolites role in the stability of trees to pathogenic factors and recommendations on "Improving the sustainability of forest plantations on old plowed land ", "Improvement of forest stands on drained lands" and "Improving growing forests on lands withdrawn from agricultural use" this "Quantifying the dynamics of pathological processes in the forests of Ukraine as of 2009. " Implementation of research results will identify the main factors weakening of forest stands and reduce the negative effects of the spread of pathological processes in the woods. The use of research results - farm forestry sector of Ukraine.

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Болтєнков Юрій Олексійович
Дишко Валентина Анатоліївна
Михайличенко Олександр Анатолійович
Музика Віктор Васильович
Назаренко Сергій Володимирович
Нефедьєв Ігор Борисович
Полякова Людмила Володимирівна
Самойленко Оксана Михайлівна
Таран Тетяна Володимирівна
Усцький Іван Мирославович
Фомін Василь Іванович
Черкіс Тетяна Михайлівна

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2020-04-02