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Information × Registration Number 0216U002689, 0112U004255 , R & D reports Title Effect of inorganic nanoparticles of Lunar and Martian soil on the brain nerve terminals and blood cells: evaluation of biomodulatory properties and toxic effects. popup.stage_title Head Borisova Tatiana Alexandrovna, Registration Date 22-06-2016 Organization A.V.Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences popup.description2 Harmful effects of lunar and Martian soil / dust on the tissue directly subjected to its action is well described in the literature, while its effect on tissue after redistribution of particles in the body just starts to be investigated. When inhaled, ultra particles are accumulated in the nasal cavity and respiratory tract, and can be transferred to the central nervous system (CNS). Neurotoxic potential lunar and Martian dust is still not clear. It is known that glutamate is a key neurotransmitter in the CNS of mammals involved in many processes of normal brain function. Impairments of glutamate homeostasis is a major aspect of the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. The study focused on the analysis of the impact of lunar simulant Martian soil and / dust on the key characteristics of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Evaluation of particle size of simulant (including fractions of particles with a small diameter) before and after sonication was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. Using labeled L-[14C] glutamate it was shown that in the presence of simulant lunar dust increases the binding of L-[14C] glutamate to the nerve terminals isolated from rat brain (synaptosomes) in low Na+ concentrations and at low temperatures (+4°C). In the presence simulant of Martian dust and nanoparticles of magnetite the change in the binding of L-[14C] glutamate to synaptosomes was not observed. In experiments using potential - and pH-sensitive fluorescent probes it has been shown that in the presence of lunar and Martian dust simulants and nanoparticles of magnetite, synaptosomes retain the ability to maintain membrane potential and proton gradient synaptic vesicles. The method of electron paramagnetic resonance shows that faction of lunar and Martian dust simulants with magnetic properties was not associated with synaptosomes. The method of laser correlation spectroscopy showed an increase in the average diameter of the nerve terminal and platelets in the presence of lunar dust simulant, indicating binding of simulant to nerve terminals and platelets. The combination of constant irritation with the dust particles, especially in long-term missions and related inflammation, stress, altered gravity, high radiation, UV, etc. may increase the toxicity of the dust. Therefore, the research on joint action of dust simulants and hypergravity was conducted. It is shown that in the presence of lunar and Martian dust simulants nerve terminal, obtained from the brain of rats subjected to gravitational loading, retain the ability to maintain membrane potential. In the presence of lunar dust simulant in low Na+medium increases the binding of L-[14C] glutamate to nerve terminals isolated from the brain of rats subjected to gravitational loading. Thus, the effect of lunar dust simulant is unique as compared with Martian dust simulant and nanoparticles of magnetite. Causing changes in extracellular glutamate, which is essential for proper synaptic transmission, lunar dust may have a detrimental effect on homeostasis of this neurotransmitter in the CNS. In terms of long-term missions combination of altered gravity with dust particles may increase its toxic effects. Product Description popup.authors І.О.Трикаш А.А.Борисов Н.В. Крисанова Н.Г. Позднякова Н.Г.Назарова Р.В. Сівко popup.nrat_date 2020-04-02 Close