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Information × Registration Number 0225U003465, (0124U000637) , R & D reports Title Immunological properties of the novel 2D nanomaterials MXenes popup.stage_title Встановлення можливості розпізнавання мексенів як чужорідних агентів клітинами імунної системи. Head Kyrylenko Serhii D., Кандидат біологічних наук Registration Date 01-07-2025 Organization Sumy State University popup.description1 The goal of the project is to determine the long-term effects of MXenes under conditions in-vivo. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to fulfil the following tasks: 1) establish processes of possible recognition of MXenes and their complexes as foreign agents by components of the innate immune system (including macrophages). 2) establish the possibility of phagocytosis of MXenes and their complexes with their subsequent processing. 3) establish the potential immunogenicity of MXenes as haptens and their complexes with proteins as antigens. 4) find out whether peptide-MXene complexes are presented by antigen-presenting cells after introduction of MXene into living systems. 5) establish the general patterns of in-vivo modulation of immune system parameters by MXenes. 6) establish of the possibility of induction of allergic hypersensitivity reactions to MXenes and their components popup.description2  During implementation of the 1st state of the project, the following new scientific results were obtained: 1. General patterns of recognition of mexenes as foreign agents by immune system cells were established and data on the types and sizes of mexenes that optimally meet the research objectives were summarized. In particular, it was found that mouse melanoma cells can internalize Ti3C2Tx and Nb4C3Tx mexenes depending on the size of the mexene particles. At the same time, particles smaller than 1000 nm are internalized, and those larger than this size are not internalized. 2. A protocol for obtaining a primary culture of macrophages from human peripheral blood was developed and optimized. For this, a gradient centrifugation procedure of human peripheral blood was used with subsequent seeding of the obtained peripheral mononuclear cells on plates in an optimized medium with subsequent differentiation for 9-16 days. Primary macrophages were obtained in culture on polymer and glass media. 3. A protocol for loading macrophages with maxens in in-vitro culture was developed. In particular, it was found that the optimal concentration of loading cells with maxens is in the range from 3.125 to 100 μg/ml, and the incubation time is in the range from 4 hours to 24 hours. Macrophages loaded with maxens were recorded for further studies. 4. Data were obtained on changes in the expression of specific markers of inflammation by macrophages after their contact with maxens. In particular, it was found that in response to the introduction of maxens Ti3C2Tx and Nb4C3Tx into the primary culture of human macrophages, the cells change the expression of inflammatory markers CD68 and CD163, which indicates the influence of maxens on the processes of induction of inflammatory processes in the human immune system Product Description popup.authors Kyrylenko Serhii D. Korniienko Viktoriia V. Korniienko Valeriia O. Liutyi Andrii O. Yanko Ilia K. popup.nrat_date 2025-07-01 Close