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Registration Number

0225U003741, (0121U107836) , R & D reports

Title

The substantiation of the principles of biochemical and DNA markers selection for the genotypes resistance assessment of Vitis vinifera L. grapes to fungal diseases agents

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Добір та оцінка ефективності біохімічних маркерів стійкості до збудників комплексу ески винограду

Head

Muliukina Nina А., Доктор сільськогосподарських наук

Registration Date

11-08-2025

Organization

National Research Center "VE Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Enology"

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The aim of the project is to identify and select effective biochemical and DNA markers for resistance screening of grapevine selection material (Vitis vinifera L.) to fungal pathogens. The project identifies grape powdery mildew as the main target of disease control treatments by pesticides in plant protection schemes and grapevine esca, a fungal trunk disease of perennial wood, one of the most effective means of control of which is the sanitary certification of grapevine planting material. Different degrees of the causative agents' research lead to the need of DNA identification use for the esca agents because in contrast to European vine-growing countries for Ukraine this question remains open. The use of molecular markers of resistance to esca will focus on biochemical markers, primarily grape stilbenes. To assess the resistance of grape genotypes to powdery mildew, microsatellite DNA markers of resistance genes will be used and the most resistant grape genotypes will be evaluated (according to the field resistance assessment) selected by NSC “Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making». The second step in identifying molecular markers of resistance to powdery mildew will be grape polyphenolic compounds screening, the concentration of which may be a sign that can be quickly assessed in hybrid populations. The final result of the project will be the database of molecular markers of resistance to grapevine fungal diseases and guidelines for the use of this database in breeding programs for resistance to fungal diseases of grapes creation.

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 The research report includes 19 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables and 13 literary sources. Object of study: grape varieties Material: technical varieties Cabernet Sauvignon (susceptible), Otrada (resistant) Subject of study: biochemical indicators of grape varieties. Methods: visual assessment of Eska damage, assessment of endophytic Eska damage, high-performance liquid chromatography, PCR and sequencing. The aim of the work was to determine biochemical indicators suitable for non-specific assessment of the resistance of selection forms to fungal diseases of perennial grape wood (grape Eska). The influence of meteorological conditions of the year in the period 2021-2024 on the manifestation of symptoms of the disease of perennial grape wood - Eska is shown. The phenolic composition of the esca-sensitive variety ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and the relatively esca-resistant variety ‘Otrada’ (plants affected by esca) was studied. An increase in the anthocyanin content in the resistant variety ‘Otrada’ (by approximately 260 μg/g of tissue) and a decrease in the anthocyanidin content in the resistant variety by 190 μg/g compared to the sensitive variety ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ were shown. It was demonstrated that the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes (catalase, peroxidase) was mainly higher in the sensitive and resistant variety (plants affected by esca) compared to healthy control plants. The activity of glutathione reductase was lower in diseased plants of both sensitive and resistant varieties. An assumption is made regarding the feasibility of creating a biochemical "model" of a resistant variety with the simultaneous inclusion of both polyphenolic components and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes. Keywords: technical grape varieties, esca, phenolic compounds, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, PCR, sequencing.

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Baranets Liudmyla O.
Karastan Olha M.
Leshchenko Alla O.
Mezerniuk Taras M.
Muliukina Nina A.
Nenartovych Andrii V.
Papina Olena S.
Sliusarenko Oleksandr M.

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2025-08-11